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THE

BREAD AND BISCUIT BAKER'S

AND

SUGAR-BOILER'S ASSISTANT



Including a large variety of Modern Recipes
FOR
BREAD -- TEA CAKES -- HARD AND FANCY BISCUITS -- BUNS -- GINGERBREADS -- SHORTBREADS -- PASTRY -- CUSTARDS -- FRUIT CAKES -- SMALL GOODS FOR SMALL MASTERS -- CONFECTIONS IN SUGAR -- LOZENGES -- ICE CREAMS -- PRESERVING FRUIT -- CHOCOLATE, ETC. ETC.

WITH REMARKS ON
THE ART OF BREAD -- MAKING
AND
CHEMISTRY AS APPLIED TO BREAD -- MAKING

BY
ROBERT WELLS

PRACTICAL BAKER! CONFECTIONERY, AND PASTRYCOOK, SCARBOROUGH
Second Edition, with Additional Recipes.

LONDON

CROSBY LOCKWOOD AND SON

7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL

1890

[All rights reserved.]

 

PREFACE.

 

In submitting the following pages for public approval, the Author hopes that the work may prove acceptable and useful to the Baking Trade as a Book of Instruction for Learners, and for daily reference in the Shop and Bakehouse; and having exercised great care in its compilation, he believes that in all its details it will be found a trustworthy guide.

 

From his own experience in the Baker's business, he is satisfied that a book of this kind, embodying in a handy form the accumulated results of the work of practical men, is really wanted; and as in the choice of Recipes he has been guided by an intimate acquaintance with the  requirements of the trade, and as every recipe here given has been tested by actual and successful use, he trusts that the labour which he has bestowed upon the preparation of the work may be rewarded by its wide acceptance by his brethren in the trade.

 

The work being divided into sections, as shown in the Contents, and a full Index having been added, reference can readily be made, as occasion may arise, either to a class of goods, or to a particular recipe.

 

Any suggestions for the improvement of the work, which the experience of others may lead them to propose, will, if communicated to the Author, be gratefully esteemed and carefully dealt with in future editions.

 

SCARBOROUGH,

 

October, 1888.

 

 

ADVERTISEMENT TO THE SECOND EDITION.

 

It is very gratifying to both Author and Publishers that this little book has been so favourably received by the Baking Trade and the public that a second edition is required within a few months of the first issue of the work. The opportunity has been taken to insert some additional recipes for the whole-meal and other breads which of late have been so frequently recommended as substitutes for the white bread in established use, together with some remarks on the subject by Professors Jago and Graham; and a few corrections in the text (the necessity for which escaped notice when the work was first in the press) have also been made.

 

August, 1889.

 

Bread and Biscuit Baker's - Part 1

 

I. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.  Top

CHEMISTRY AS APPLIED TO BREAD-MAKING.

FERMENTATION.

PROCESS OF BREAD-MAKING.

BROWN BREAD.

II. GENERAL REMARKS ON BAKING.  Top

ESSENTIALS OF GOOD BREAD-MAKING.

GERMAN YEAST AND PARISIAN BARM.

AMERICAN PATENT YEAST.

GOOD OR BAD FLOUR.

ALUM IN BREAD.

BUTTER FOR PASTRY AND CAKES.

III. BREAD, TEA CAKES, BUNS, ETC.  Top

I. -- To make Home-made Bread.

2. -- Bread-making by the Old Method.

3. -- Modern Way of making Bread

4. -- Scotch Style of making Bread

5. -- Home-made Whole Meal Bread

6. -- Whole Meal Bread

7. -- Unfermented, or Diet Bread

8. -- Rye Bread

9. -- Coarse Bread

10. -- Germ Flour Bread

11. -- Tea-Cakes

12. -- Queen's Bread

13. -- Sally Luns, Yorkshire, or Tea Cakes

14. -- Muffins

15. -- Another Way Muffins

16. -- Crumpets

17. -- Oatmeal Cake

18. -- Bath Buns

19.  -- Another Way Bath Buns

20. -- Hot Gross Buns

21. -- Chelsea Buns

22. -- Balmoral Cakes

23. -- Balloon or Prussian Cakes

24. -- Saffron Buns

25. -- Cinnamon Buns

26. -- Jubilee Buns

27. -- German Buns

28. -- Common German Buns (for wholesale purposes)

29. -- London Buns

30. -- Penny Queen Cakes

31. -- Patent Flour

32. -- Penny Rice Cakes

33 -- Coconut Cakes

34. -- Albert Cakes

IV. GINGERBREAD, PARKINGS, SHORT-BREAD, ETC.  Top

35. -- Queen's Gingerbread

36. -- German Gingerbread

37. -- Spiced Gingerbread

38. -- Scarborough Gingerbread (for wholesale purposes)

39. -- Ginger Cakes

40. -- Prepared Treacle

41. -- Prepared Treacle for Thick Gingerbread

42. -- Laughing or Fun Nuts

43. -- Grantham or White Gingerbread

44. -- Spice Nuts

45. -- Another Way Spice Nuts

46. -- Again Another Way Spice Nuts

47. -- Light Gingerbread

48. -- Italian Jumbles, or Brandy Snaps

49. -- Halfpenny Gingerbread Squares

50. -- Hunting Nuts

5l. -- Parkings

52. -- Another Way Parkings

53. -- Parking Cake

54. -- Scotch Shortbread

55. -- English Shortbread

56. -- French Shortbread

 

V. HARD BISCUITS  Top

57. -- Machine-made Biscuits

58. -- Ship Biscuits

59. -- Captains' Biscuits

60. -- Thick Captains

6l. -- Abernethy Biscuits. (Dr. Abernethy's Original Recipe.)

62. -- Abernethys as made in London

63. -- Usual Way of making Abernethy Biscuits

64. -- Wine Biscuits

65. -- Soda Biscuits

66. -- Boston Lemon Crackers

67. -- Pic-Nics

68. -- Common Pic-Nics

69. -- Luncheon Biscuits

70. -- Digestive Biscuits

71. -- Another way Digestive Biscuits

72. -- Small Arrowroot Biscuits

73. -- Coffee Biscuits

74. -- Victoria Biscuits

75. -- Shell Biscuits

76. -- York Biscuits

77. -- Machine Biscuits

78. -- Bath Oliver Biscuits

79. -- Edinburgh Biscuits

80. -- Nursery Biscuits

81. -- Soda Biscuits

VI. FANCY BISCUITS, ALMONDS, ETC.   Top

82. -- Digestive Biscuits

83. -- Kent Biscuits

84. -- Imperial or Lemon Biscuits

85. -- Venice Biscuits

86. -- Shrewsbury Biscuits

87.  -- Another Way Shrewsbury Biscuits

88.  -- Again Another Way Shrewsbury Biscuits

89. -- Peruvian Biscuits

90. -- Currant Fruit Biscuits

91. -- Snowdrop Biscuits

92. -- Rice Biscuits

93. -- Genoa and Toulouse Biscuits, Exhibition Nuts and Marseillaise Biscuits

94. -- Walnut Biscuits

95. -- Queen's Drops

96. -- Cracknel Biscuits

97. -- Premium Drops

98. -- German Wafers

99. -- Crimp, or Honeycomb Biscuits

100. -- Hermit Biscuits

101. -- Italian Macaroons

102. -- Common Macaroons

103. -- French Macaroons

104. -- Ratafias

105. -- Princess Biscuits

106. -- Rusks

107. -- Rock Almonds (White)

108. -- Rock Almonds (Pink)

109. -- Rock Almonds (Brown)

110. -- Almond Fruit Biscuits

111. -- Meringues

112.  -- Another Way Meringues

113. -- Common Drop Biscuits

114. -- Savoy Biscuits

115. -- French Savoy Biscuits

116. -- Judges' Biscuits

117. -- Lord Mayor's Biscuits

118. -- Fruit Biscuits

119. -- Palais Royal Biscuits

120. -- Rice Biscuits

121. -- Scarborough Water Cakes

122. -- Sponge Biscuit

123. -- Almond Sponge Biscuits

124. -- Naples Biscuits

VII. PASTRY, CUSTARDS, ETC.  Top

125. -- Butter for Puff Paste.

126. -- Puff Paste

127.  -- Another Way Puff Paste

128. -- Crisp Tart Paste

129. -- Sweet Tart Paste

130. -- Paste for a Baked Custard

131. -- Paste for small Raised Pies

132. -- To make a handsome Tartlet

133. -- Nelson Cake or Eccles Cake

134. -- To make a Custard

135. -- Common Custard

VIII. FRUIT CAKES, BRIDE CAKES, ETC.   Top

136. -- Directions for mixing Cakes made with Butter

137.  -- Another Way Cakes made with Butter

138. -- London Way of mixing Cakes

139.  -- Another Way London Way of mixing Cakes

140. -- Citron Cake

141. -- Common Fruit Cake

142. -- Pound Cakes

143. -- Seed Cakes

144. -- Two and Three Pound Cakes

145. -- Another Seed Cake

146.-- Four and Six Pound Cakes

147.-- Bride Cakes

148. -- Icing Sugar for Bride Cakes, &c.

149. -- Almond Icing for Bride Cakes

150. -- Wedding Cake

151. -- Rich Twelfth Cake

152. -- Madeira Cakes

153. -- Plum Cake. (As made for best shops in Edinburgh.)

154. -- Genoa Cake

155. -- Rice Cake (Scotch Mixture)

156. -- Madeira Cake (Scotch Mixture)

157. -- Pond Cake or Dundee Cake

158. -- Silver Cake

159. -- Gold Cake

160. -- Plum Cake at 6d. per lb. (As sold by Grocers.)

161.  -- Another Way Plum Cake

162.  -- Again Another Way Plum Cake

163. -- Mystery, or Cheap Plum Cake at 3d. per lb.

164. -- Plum Cake at 4d. per lb.

165. -- Lafayette Cakes

166. -- American Genoa Cake

167. -- Lemon Cake

168. -- Bristol Cake

169. -- Jubilee Cakes

IX. HANDY WHOLESALE RECIPES FOR SMALL MASTERS  Top

170. -- Soda Cakes or Scones

171. -- Currant or Milk Scones

172. -- Sugar or White Spice Biscuits

173. -- Halfpenny Scotch Cakes

174. -- Large Square Penny Albert Cake

175. -- Brandy Snaps

176. -- Nonpareil Biscuits

177. -- Common Halfpenny Queen Cake

178. -- Halfpenny lunch Cake

179. -- Polkas or Halfpenny Sponges

X. CONFECTIONS IN SUGAR-BOILING  Top

180. -- Clarifying Sugar

181. -- Testing Sugar

182. -- To the degree called "Pearled."

183. -- To the degree called "Blown."

184. -- To the degree called "Feathered."

185. -- To the "Ball" Degree

186. -- To the degree called "Crackled."

187. -- To the degree called "Caramelled."

188. -- To boil Sugar by the Thermometer

189. -- Barley Sugar

190. -- Barley Sugar Drops

191. -- Acid Drops

192. -- Pineapple Drops

193. -- Poppy Drops

194. -- Ginger Drops

195. -- Cayenne Drops

196. -- Ginger Candy

197. -- Lemon Candy

198. -- Peppermint Candy

199. -- Rose Candy

200. -- Burnt Almonds

201. -- Cast Sugar Drops

202. -- Rose Drops

203. -- Orange-flower Drops

204. -- Chocolate Drops

205. -- Coffee Drops

206. -- Barberry Drops

207. -- Peppermint Drops

208. -- Pineapple Drops

209. -- Vanilla Drops

210. -- Ginger Drops

211. -- Lemon Drops

212. -- Orange Drops

213. -- Pear Drops

214. -- Lavender, Violet, Musk, and Millefleur Drops

215. -- Pink Burnt Almonds

216. -- Philadelphia Caramels

217. -- Boston Chips

218. -- Engagement Favours

219. -- Almond Hardbake

220. -- To make Gum Paste

221. -- To spin a Silver Web

222. -- To spin a Gold Web

223. -- A Spun Sugar Pyramid

224. -- To spin a Gold Sugar Crocanth

225. -- To spin a Gold Cup

226. -- A Spun Sugar Beehive

227. -- To Ornament a Beehive

XI. COLOURING SUGAR  Top

228. -- To prepare Sugar for Colouring

229. -- To colour Sugar

230. -- Blue Colouring

231. -- Carmine Colouring

232. -- Green Colouring

233. -- Another Way Green Colouring

234. -- Orange Colouring

235. -- Red Colouring

236. -- Yellow Colouring

XII. LOZENGES  Top

Lozenges

237. -- Peppermint Lozenges

238. -- Rose Lozenges

239. -- Ginger Lozenges

240. -- Transparent Mint Lozenges

241. -- Cinnamon Lozenges

242. -- Clove Lozenges

243. -- Nutmeg Lozenges

244. -- Lavender Lozenges

245. -- Vanilla Lozenges

246. -- Brilliants

XIII. ICE CREAMS  Top

Ice Cream

247. -- Vanilla Ice Cream

248. -- Bisque or Biscuit Glace

249. -- Crushed Strawberry Ice Cream

250. -- Hokey Pokey

251. -- Coconut Ice

XIV. PRESERVING FRUITS  Top

Preserving Fruits

252. -- Large Strawberries

253. -- Strawberry Jam

254. -- Raspberry Jelly

255. -- Black Currant Jelly

256. -- Red Currant dam

257. -- Apple Jelly

258. -- Gooseberry Jam

259. -- Orange Marmalade

XV. CHOCOLATE  Top

260. -- General Directions for Making Chocolate

261. -- Chocolate Harlequin Pistachios

262. -- Chocolate Drops with Nonpareils

263. -- Chocolate in Moulds